TypeScript
Tabris.js 3 targets TypeScript 3.3. TypeScript is a type-safe dialect of JavaScript/EcmaScript and also supports ES6 module syntax (import and export statements) and async/await. A complete guide to TypeScript can be found at typescriptlang.org. As an IDE we can recommend Visual Studio Code with the tslint extension, but there are many suitable TypeScript IDEs out there.
Setup
TypeScript files have to be compiled to JavaScript before execution. The compiler is installed in the project directory to node_modules/.bin/tsc when generating a new Tabris.js app using the tabris init command. (It belongs to the devDependencies in package.json.) To compile the code, simply type npm run build. This also happens when sideloading code via tabris serve, during a full app build via tabris build or on the build service. Alternatively, type tabris serve -w -a to start the compiler in watch mode for incremental compiling. That way you do not have to restart tabris serve after every code change.
If you want to migrate an existing Vanilla-JavaScript Tabris.js project, do the following:
Install TypeScript in your app project:
npm install --save-dev typescript
To configure the TypeScript compiler create a new file called tsconfig.json with the following content:
{
"compilerOptions": {
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "es6",
"outDir": "./dist/",
"lib": [
"es2017"
],
"jsx": "react",
"jsxFactory": "JSX.createElement",
"noImplicitAny": true,
"noImplicitThis": true,
"noUnusedLocals": true,
"noUnusedParameters": true,
"alwaysStrict": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"allowJs": true
},
"include": [
"./src/**/*.ts",
"./src/**/*.tsx",
"./src/**/*.js",
"./src/**/*.jsx"
]
}
This is the default configuration for generated TypeScript projects. It includes support for mixed JavaScript/TypeScript projects, JSX and decorators. It also adds some recommended compiler options for stricter TypeScript interpretation. If you do not need any of these, a minimal tsconfig.json would look like this:
{
"compilerOptions": {
"module": "commonjs",
"target": "es6",
"outDir": "./dist/",
"lib": [
"es2017"
]
},
"include": [
"./src/**/*.ts"
]
}
Now edit package.json to let the main field point to the compiled app in dist/:
{
"main": "dist/app.js",
...
}
Also include the following in the scripts sections:
{
"scripts": {
"build": "tsc -p .",
"watch": "tsc -p . -w --preserveWatchOutput",
"start": "tabris serve -a -w"
}
}
The build and watch scripts are called by the Tabris.js CLI to compile the code either once (build) or after every file change (watch).
The start script is optional and provides a shortcut (via npm start) for convenient code sideloading. The -w switch means the watch script is used instead of build, and -a makes the app restart after every re-compile. As a result editing and saving a TypeScript file restarts the app including the code change.
Type Safety
In TypeScript not all APIs, not even all Tabris.js APIs, are perfectly type safe. Here are some guidelines to avoid losing type safety.
Tabris.js specific recommendations:
- Do not use the
widget.on()method. Instead, the Listeners API, e.g.widget.onResize(cb);. - Create type-aware
WidgetCollectioninstances using widget constructors as selectors, e.g.widget.children(Button).first();. - Be aware that while
widget.set()and widget constructors provides auto-completion it does not prevent you from setting non-existing properties. - Use
widget.apply()only to set properties of the baseWidgetclass, likelayoutData. Or avoid it completely.
General TypeScript recommendations:
- Avoid
any. An implicitanymay occur if you do not give a type for a variable, field or parameter, and none can be inferred by assignment. - Avoid explicit casting, Use type guards instead. Tabris.js provides some for
ColorValue, - When using third-party libraries you may have to manually install declaration files to be type safe.
Interfaces
When used in TypeScript the tabris module exports the following additional interfaces:
ImageValue, a union of all types accepted as imagesColorValue, a union of all types accepted as colorsFontValue, a union of all types accepted as fontsPercentValue, a union of all types accepted as percentagesPercentValue, a union of all types accepted as percentagesLinearGradientValue, a union of all types accepted as gradientsSelector, a union of all types accepted as gradientsBoundsTransformationDimension, alias fornumberOffset, alias fornumberBoxDimensionsImageDataAnimationOptionsPropertyChangedEvent<T, U>, same asEventObject<T> & { readonly value: U }- Various
{TargetType}{EventName}Eventinterfaces, e.g.PickerSelectEvent. Only for events with additional parameters. Properties<Widget>, which is the interface of the properties parameter used by thesetmethod of the given widget.Properties<typeof Widget>, which is the interface of the properties parameter used by the constructor of the given widget.
